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man standing beside his wife teaching their child how to ride bicycle

The Parental Substrate

Psychological and Cultural Conditions Underlying Ill-Equipped Parenting Introduction The Misassigned Accountability Thesis establishes that responsibility for educational outcomes is systematically assigned to institutions that do not control the conditions necessary for instruction, while those who do control those conditions remain insulated from scrutiny. That paper demonstrates that this misalignment is not accidental. It is structurally […]

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The Misassignment of Accountability in Education

Introduction Educational failure is routinely attributed to schools. Instructional quality, curriculum design, teacher effectiveness, and institutional culture are treated as the primary explanatory variables when student outcomes deteriorate. This attribution persists despite decades of reform and an expanding body of research demonstrating that instructional changes alone do not reliably reverse large-scale academic decline. The persistence […]

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